Case report: Mixed infection of bovine papillomaviruses associated with squamous papilloma of the upper alimentary tract in a dairy cow.

Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) infection can induce neoplastic lesions in both cutaneous and mucosal epithelia in cattle. This study describes the BPV types associated with proliferative lesions with diverse histopathological features present in the upper alimentary tract of a dairy cow suffering from chronic diarrhea from Midwestern Brazil. At autopsy, warts and plaques composed of multiple spherical nodules were observed in the esophageal mucosa, the areas surrounding and constricting the opening of the cardia, and the rumen pillars. One esophageal papillomatous proliferative lesion and a smooth-surfaced proliferative lesion located at the rumen entrance were evaluated by histopathological and molecular analyses. PCR amplification of partial fragments of the BPV L1 and E1 genes was performed followed by sequencing of the obtained amplicons. Upon histopathological evaluation, the esophageal lesion was classified as a squamous papilloma, whereas the other ruminal proliferative lesion consisted of a fibropapilloma. Direct sequencing of PCR products obtained from ruminal fibropapilloma DNA revealed the presence of BPV2. Sequencing of inserts from selected clones containing partial fragments of the BPV L1 and E1 genes revealed a mixed infection of BPV types 2 and 4 in the esophageal squamous papilloma. The findings reported in our investigation reinforce the association of BPV with benign lesions of the bovine alimentary tract in both single and mixed infections, as previously demonstrated to occur in a buffalo. In addition, this report represents the documentation of the occurrence of massive alimentary papillomatosis associated with BPV types 2 and 4 in cattle raised on lands without infestation by bracken fern in Midwestern Brazil.

Phenolic compounds from Virola venosa (Myristicaceae) and evaluation of their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition potential / Compostos fenólicos de Virola venosa (Myristicaceae) e avaliação de seu potencial antioxidante e de inibição enzimática

Virola venosa, popularly known in Brazil as ucuuba-da-mata, occurs naturally in the Amazon region and has potential to provide useful natural compounds, as already known for other Virola species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of bark and leaf extracts of V. venosa, and to test the antioxidant capacity and α-glucosidase inhibition potential of their compounds. Polar extracts showed to be more active in both assays, therefore a bioactivity-guided fractionation was performed to identify the compounds that were responsible for the recorded activities. Using a combination of LC-MS/MS analysis and isolation with NMR identification, eight phenolic compounds were identified. Assays with pure compounds of the active fraction revealed that ferulic acid was the main contributor compound to the observed bioactivity in the crude extracts. (AU)

Virola venosa, popularmente conhecida como ucuuba-da-mata, ocorre naturalmente na região amazônica e tem potencial para fornecer compostos naturais úteis, como já foi mostrado para outras espécies de Virola. Por isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a composição química dos extratos do tronco e das folhas de V. venosa e os possíveis potenciais antioxidantes e de inibição contra α-glucosidase de seus compostos. Os extratos polares mostraram-se mais ativos em ambos os testes, portanto, um fracionamento guiado por bioatividade foi realizado para designar os compostos responsáveis pelas atividades registradas. Através da combinação de análise CL-EM/EM e isolamento com identificação por RMN, foram identificados oito compostos fenólicos. Testes com os compostos puros principais das frações mais ativas indicaram o ácido ferúlico como o principal contribuinte das atividades biológicas observadas para os extratos brutos, e, consequentemente, o princípio ativo principal de V. venosa.(AU)

Auditory-Perceptual Characteristics of the Voice of Nondysphonic School Children From 8:0 to 10:0 Years Old.

OBJECTIVE: Describe and correlate the auditory-perceptual characteristics of the voice of nondysphonic school children from private and public schools from 8:0 to 10:0 years old, female and male. METHODS: Cross-sectional, quantitative and retrospective study of students from schools in a small city. Auditory-perceptual evaluations of 154 nondysphonic students were analyzed. Where considered nondysphonic those presenting overall severity bellow 34 mm using Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice. RESULTS: There was significantly higher strain in girls; significant positive correlation between age and the parameters overall severity, breathiness, and strain; significant differences in the mean values of the vocal parameters, with more evident roughness and breathiness in girls and breathiness in boys; in children from 8:0 to 9:0 years, all parameters were positively correlated; in children from 9:1 to 10:0 years, all vocal parameters except roughness increased and positive correlations became stronger. CONCLUSIONS: The strain was higher in girls; roughness, and breathiness were higher in girls, and breathiness was higher in boys. As age increased, all vocal parameters except roughness increased, and positive correlations became stronger.